In Windows, there are several command-line tools commonly used for troubleshooting network issues. Some of these tools include:

  1. ipconfig /all: Displays detailed IP configuration information for all network interfaces, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DHCP server, DNS servers, and more.

  2. ping: Sends ICMP Echo Request messages to a specified destination to test network connectivity and measure round-trip time. You can use it to check connectivity to a remote host or diagnose packet loss.

  3. tracert/traceroute: Traces the route taken by packets from your computer to a specified destination, showing all intermediate hops along the way. It can help identify network bottlenecks or routing issues.

  4. nslookup: Allows you to query DNS servers to retrieve domain name or IP address information. It's useful for troubleshooting DNS resolution issues or verifying DNS server configurations.

  5. netstat -ano: Displays active network connections, listening ports, and network statistics. The -a option shows all connections and listening ports, -n displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form, and -o shows the PID associated with each connection, which can be useful for identifying which process is using a particular connection.

  6. arp -a: Displays the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache, which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on a local network. It's useful for troubleshooting ARP-related issues or verifying MAC address mappings.

  7. ipconfig /flushdns: Flushes and resets the contents of the DNS client resolver cache. This command can help resolve DNS-related issues by clearing outdated or corrupt DNS cache entries.

  8. netsh interface ipv4 show interfaces: Displays information about all IPv4 interfaces, including their index, name, type, and status. It's useful for checking the status and configuration of network interfaces.

  9. net use: Connects or disconnects a computer from a shared resource or displays information about current connections. It's useful for managing network drive mappings and troubleshooting issues with network shares.

  10. Get-NetAdapter / Get-NetIPAddress / Get-NetRoute: PowerShell cmdlets that provide detailed information about network adapters, IP addresses assigned to interfaces, and routing table entries, respectively. They offer more flexibility and scripting capabilities compared to traditional command-line tools.